The Global and China L4 Autonomous Driving and Start-ups Report, 2021, found that except for a few companies, such as Waymo and Uber, which performed worse than expected, level four (L4) autonomous driving firms in other fields gained momentum.

In most circumstances, L4 cars do not require human intervention but the driver can still do so, according to SAE International, a global standardisation body.

Currently, most autonomous driving technology in use is either classified as L2 or L2+, under which sensors are used to give a vehicle “environment detection” capabilities to help it monitor other road users and help with parking.

But with about two dozen startups particularly in the US and China fighting for dominance in the technology…

Subscribe to go deeper

GCV subscribers get access to all our proprietary data and deep-dive articles, as well as the global directory of CVC investors.



Not sure if you have a subscription?
James Mawson

James Mawson is founder and chief executive of Global Venturing.