While universities often push their academics to be more entrepreneurial, having a professor lead a spinout decreases its chances of raising money and being acquired, according to research by Harvard associate professor Maria Roche.

Unable to match the high salaries paid by the investment sector, university tech transfer offices are becoming creative with non-financial perks and career pathways.

Australia has one of the world's most mature university investment ecosystems, thanks to large pensions funds, Uniseed and royalties from wifi.

Stellenbosch's university venture fund, the first of its kind in Africa, has been a “huge paradigm shift" in the ecosystem.

Permanent residence cards for graduates of science and technology degrees and talent exchange programmes are some of the solutions touted for startups seeking to hire high-skilled people.

The UK university sees its focus on social sciences spinouts as a way to drive civic engagement.

The University of Birmingham has created a system for researchers to commercialise their technology and find clients before incorporating a company.

Venture funds are becoming a more common offering at universities around the world. Why do a majority of the top US institutions not have one?